Sugarcane is a household plant that is native to India and is now widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Sugarcane has a high sugar content and is the main source of industrial sugarcane. Currently, more than 100 countries around the world produce sugarcane, among which Brazil, India, and China are the main sugarcane-growing countries. my country's planting areas are mainly located in tropical and subtropical regions, and are planted in 12 southern provinces and autonomous regions, including Guangdong, Taiwan, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Zhejiang, Hubei, and Hainan. According to the classification of use, sugar cane is roughly classified into two categories, one is fruit cane for fresh food, and other is sugar cane used for sugar making, which accounts for about 90% of the total sugar cane.
Bagasse is the slag after the sugar cane is pressed, and the texture is rough and hard, accounting for about 24% to 27% of the sugarcane. For every ton of sucrose produced, 2 to 3 tons of bagasse will be produced. According to data from the China Sugar Association, China's sugar cane sugar production was 9.45 million tons in 2018, which means that my country's annual output of bagasse alone exceeds 20 million tons. The traditional processing method of bagasse is used as fuel, but its thermal efficiency is not high, and the form of resource waste is severe.
Environmental transformation bears the brunt
Cellulose in bagasse accounts for 30% to 40% of the total dry mass of bagasse, and hemicellulose accounts for about 20% of the total dry mass of bagasse. The rich cellulose will bring broad development space to the bagasse.
Naturally degradable pulp molded lunch box, packaging
Bio-environmental protection materials are an industry with great potential for development in the field of environmental protection, and the reuse of waste is also an effective way to develop environmentally-friendly materials. After 4 years of research and development by the Israeli company W-Cycle, the environmentally friendly materials produced from bagasse can withstand the environment of minus 40°C to 250°C and have good hydrophobicity. Compared with other plant materials, The environmentally friendly material produced by bagasse does not require the isolation of plastic films and can function alone.
The university's associate professor and her colleagues turned their attention to one of the food industry's most important wastes: bagasse, also known as sugarcane pulp.
The sugar content of sugar cane is about 10%, which means that the remaining 90% is non-sugar material, which is also known as bagasse. Although most sugarcane bagasse is now burned to generate heat to power factories, Professor Zhu always believed that they were not used to their full potential. An excellent alternative to degradable single-use products such as coffee cups.
Production of wood-based panels
Production of wood-based panels. The chemical composition of bagasse is similar to that of wood, and it is a good raw material for board making. The Sugarcane Sugar Industry Research Institute has successfully developed a production line for making bagasse particle boards using hot-pressing technology. Many sugar factories in the province have established production lines for bagasse particle boards. Bagasse boards are mainly used in furniture, building formwork, packaging boxes, speakers, and other industries; bagasse also has good ductility and meets the requirements of high-density boards. It can be processed into speakers, furniture, packaging boxes, and building carriages. , has the advantages of small specific gravity, high strength, strong machinability, good corrosion resistance, and fire resistance.
Xylan
Biotechnology Co., Ltd. utilizes rich bagasse resources to build a xylan production line with an annual output of 200 tons, as well as supporting facilities and equipment such as workshops, roads, and R&D offices. After the project is completed, the annual output value will reach 600 million yuan, and 181 jobs will be created. The project mainly uses the abundant sugarcane resources in the area to separate and extract lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and other substances in the cell wall of bagasse, and develop high-value-added polymer xylan, capacitive carbon, and other products. It has truly realized the high value-added development and utilization of bagasse and explored a new way for the development of the traditional sugarcane industry.
Alcoholic fermentation (Rum)
The main component of bagasse is cellulose, which is treated with bacteria that produce the corresponding cellulase enzymes, which break down the cellulose into sugars, which can then be re-fermented into alcohol by yeast. Using cellulose to produce alcohol has two significant advantages: first, the deep utilization of resources, the conversion of bagasse to alcohol can double the value, and its resource utilization efficiency is high; second, it reduces the production cost of alcohol and reduces the consumption of food, the reuse of bagasse can increase the supply of terminal alcohol, play a role in lowering the cost, and reduce the consumption of food crops by alcohol fermentation, and its economic value is more prominent.
Rum is a specialty of the world's sugarcane-producing regions, and it is as famous as the famous Brandy, Whisky, and Gin, all of which are world-famous wines.
What is rum?
my country's current industry standard QB/T5333-2018 stipulates rum: rum (Rum), with sugarcane juice, sugarcane molasses, sugarcane syrup, or other sugarcane processed products as raw materials, after fermentation, distillation, aging, blending Distilled liquor.
The appearance of rum is clear and transparent, with no suspended matter and no sediment. It has a special aroma imparted by sugar cane or/and oak and has a mellow and rounded taste.
rum legend
Rum is a traditional Cuban drink. According to legend, Cuban wine masters put sugar cane shochu made from sugar cane into white oak barrels, and after years of brewing, it has a unique flavor, which has become a kind of wine that Cubans like to drink and is popular in the international market.
As for the name of Rum, it is said to be derived from the British Navy. In 1745, British Admiral VERNON discovered that some soldiers were suffering from scurvy while sailing, and then ordered them to stop drinking beer and drink West Indies drinks made from sugar cane and lemon juice. Lemon juice, which contains a lot of vitamin C, happened to cure the soldiers of scurvy. Soldiers called VERNON OLD RUMMY and named the drink Rum in honor of him.
Classification of rum
Rum is divided into white rum, golden rum, and dark rum by color. White rum is colorless or slightly yellow, golden rum is golden or amber, and dark rum is amber or brown. The alcohol content of the three rums is 35 degrees, and the total amount of aldehydes, furfural, higher alcohols, and non-alcoholic volatiles in white rums are relatively low, and the latter two are relatively high. The main Origin and use of rum
The origin of rum is mainly in the West Indies in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Brazil, and other countries. In addition, the African island country of Madagascar also produces rum. Different origins have different styles of rum. For example, Jamaica produces more strong-flavored rums, while Cuba mainly produces light-flavored rums.
In the country where the rum is produced, most people prefer to drink straight rum. Of course, rum can also be drunk with ice, water, orange juice, lemon juice, cola, etc. The most popular way is to use rum as the base drink to mix it into a variety of cocktails.
Rum can be used as a condiment for Western dishes and desserts to enrich the taste of finished products; it can be used in processed foods, such as cakes, ice cream, alcoholic chocolate, cold drinks, etc.; it can also be used as a flavoring agent for cigarettes, cosmetics, and other products.
Animal feed (fish, shrimp, cattle)
Bagasse contains about 2% of crude protein, moisture, and sugar to meet the needs of ruminants and can be used as feed after pretreatment.
Bagasse can be a good alternative source of fiber without adversely affecting DM intake or milk production. At the same time, it can be used with Shandong Feed Industry Co., Ltd.'s rumen-passing fat powder-Nengmeijian, which can improve milk fat rate, reduce stress, increase harvest amount, improve feed conversion rate, relieve stress, and improve feed palatability.
Fermented bagasse: Bagasse is a by-product of the sugar and ethanol production industries, leaving a fiber-rich residue that can be used as a feed source when fed to dairy cows.
In shrimp farming, bagasse meal stabilizes the water environment, helps develop beneficial microorganisms, provides minerals for algae, and provides two important substances, iron and zinc, for shrimp.
Bagasse Powder Use:
1. After the pond is improved, bagasse powder will be used to fertilize the water body, and the dosage is 1kg/100 cubic meters of the water body. For newly dug ponds, it can be applied every 5 days, if it is an older pond, it needs to be applied every 2 days.
2. Within the first 2 months of breeding, 10 kg/1000 cubic meters of bagasse powder can be regularly applied to the pond water without using probiotics or adding minerals to the water. However, 1 day before use and 2 days after use, check the water's environmental factors (such as bacterial density in the water, pH value, and alkalinity). This will help in accurately estimating the dose of bagasse powder required. After 2 months of farming, the shrimps have grown up, the amount of waste in the pond is more, and probiotics need to be added to keep the water environment stable.
3. In addition, during the breeding process, it is necessary to closely monitor water quality and environmental factors, and reasonably adjust the amount of bagasse powder in the pond.
Bagasse Fiber Asphalt Pavement Technology
Bagasse fiber asphalt pavement technology has been successfully applied to the reconstruction and expansion project of the Lanhai Expressway from Qinzhou to Beihai.
The culture medium of Red Matsutake, Fungus, Mushrooms,
Bagasse has good air permeability, rich nutrients, and a high proportion of long fibers, which can be used as a new cultivation substrate material. It is understood that it has been applied in the cultivation of flowers, fungi, mushrooms, and vegetable seedlings.
Red Matsutake, also known as Big Ball Mushroom, Wrinkled Ball Mushroom, and Wine Red Ball Mushroom, is one of the top ten mushrooms in the international mushroom market. It tastes fragrant, the meat is smooth and tender, and crisp, and the taste is excellent. It is rich in protein, polysaccharides, mineral elements, vitamins, and other substances. The amino acid content reaches 17 kinds, and the nutritional value is very high. It is a rare edible mushroom species introduced from Europe in my country in recent years. Red matsutake mushrooms are grown using bagasse as raw material.
Sugarcane is generally planted in the first month and harvested in October. It happens that the red matsutake mushrooms are planted after October and can be harvested in the spring. The planting time of the two crops overlaps and will not affect each other. The rotation of the two crops has also brought two benefits to the villagers, successfully driving the villagers of Zhenwang to become rich.
Make biomass pellets (fuel)
Pelletizing process of bagasse pellet fuel
Sugarcane is one of the perennial tall-root grasses of the genus Cane. It is native to the tropical temperate regions of South Asia and Melanesia, and is the main sugarcane-producing area in southern my country, with abundant resources of bagasse and sugarcane tails. In the sugarcane industry, which is mainly used for sugar production, for every 10 tons of sugarcane crushed by sugar mills, nearly 3 tons of wet bagasse are produced, and how to handle bagasse becomes more and more important. In fact, bagasse is a renewable resource that can be used as pellet feed or biomass pellet after processing. The following is a description of the pelletizing process for bagasse pellet fuel:
Bagasse Pellet Fuel
Using bagasse as raw material, through the processes of crushing, drying, additive mixing, extrusion, etc., it is made into a new type of clean fuel that can be directly burned in granular form. Its products can be used as the best substitute for traditional energy such as coal, diesel, and natural gas.
Papermaking
Papermaking is one of the important directions for the application of cellulose. With the continuous development of papermaking technology, countries around the world have sufficient wood for papermaking, but severe environmental protection requirements are also putting pressure on the papermaking industry. Since bagasse was first used in papermaking in 1926, papermaking has become an important direction for the transformation of bagasse. Compared with direct use as fuel, it has higher resource utilization and can be continuously transformed and utilized.
Bagasse is a good raw material for pulping and papermaking, and bagasse has now become one of the main raw materials for papermaking in Guangxi. Cellulose in bagasse is about 32% to 48%. The use of bagasse cellulose can not only produce packaging paper, corrugated paper, glossy paper, and toilet paper but also can use bagasse bleached chemical pulp to mix a certain amount of long fibers to produce various High-grade cultural and household paper, such as coated paper, copy paper, double-adhesive paper, high-grade toilet paper, napkins, etc.
Dietary fiber
The application of cellulose in the food industry is relatively frequent, and the application history of additives is relatively long. Cellulose and its modified cellulose are additives allowed in GB2760. They can be used as anticaking agents, stabilizers, coagulants, and thickeners, etc., especially as processing aids in various foods. Not limited. Dietary fiber is one of the hottest raw materials at the moment, known as the "seventh major nutrient".
Dietary fiber has a wide range of sources and high safety. Bagasse is softened by pressure cooking, treated with dilute alkali to remove protein, part of lignin, and fat, and remove odor, and then bleaching, decolorization, drying, crushing, and other processes can also be effectively produced. Get dietary fiber.
Sugarcane dietary fiber is mainly insoluble dietary fiber, and its content is as high as 70%. The versatility of dietary fiber for health also makes it maintain a high market growth rate. In recent years, the compound growth rate has always been more than 10%, and the potential demand for sugarcane fiber is large.
Anti-fatigue, insomnia relief, cholesterol-lowering drugs
In the 1980s, Cuban scientists extracted a safe and effective cholesterol-lowering drug from bagasse, which was approved as a new drug in 1991.
Docosanol can significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduce the lipid peroxidation sensitivity of low-density lipoprotein, delay the progression of atherosclerosis, and has a certain anti-platelet aggregation effect. It has good short-term and long-term safety and tolerance.
In clinical practice, docosanol is a drug to treat hyperlipidemia or atherosclerosis, which is different from other commonly used statins, beta, niacin, cholic acid chelators, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and is an independent new drug. Docosanol is very safe and well-tolerated. So far, no clinical and biochemical adverse reactions related to the drug have been found. In the short-term double-blind controlled clinical study, only 0.1% of patients withdrew from the experiment due to adverse reactions (rash) at the dosage of 5-20mg/day. In 2000, docosanol came to China as a national gift, and the product name was Guganjin.
Octacosanol, which can resist fatigue and save insomnia
Polycosanol is a mixture of various fatty alcohols, and octacosanol is one of the important substances. It not only has the function of lowering lipids but also has the physiological functions of anti-fatigue and helping to sleep. Octacosanol has the effects of reducing muscle friction, reducing necessary oxygen demand, improving reaction time, eliminating muscle pain, etc. It is internationally recognized as an anti-fatigue functional substance. The report from the International Institute of Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, published by the British journal Science Report, showed that the level of cortisol, the pressure marker in the blood of mice, was reduced after oral administration of octacosanol to mice under moderate pressure. Later, the original disorder sleep of in mice became "normal", but it did not affect the sleep of normal mice. The research on docosanol is still ongoing. With the gradual deepening of the research, more applications of docosanol will be carried out.
Biological Insecticide
Students of the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil have developed a new biological insecticide using bagasse, which can kill the larvae of Aedes aegypti in 48 hours, and is expected to control the spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever, Zika fever, and chikungunya fever from the source.
According to Brazilian media reports, the concept of this biological insecticide was first proposed by a biomedical group in the Lorena Campus of the University of Sao Paulo. The original idea was to create an insecticide that would not cause destructive effects on the environment, animals, and plants during production and use.
It is reported that this biological insecticide is made of microorganisms cultured in bagasse. After contact with water, the insecticide can reduce the surface tension of water, forcing mosquito larvae floating on the surface of the water to sink, and the larvae can die within 48 hours after sinking. The product prevents the larvae of Aedes aegypti from growing into pupae, so as to stop the spread of dengue fever and other infectious diseases.
The researchers said that the laboratory test results showed that the biological insecticide was completely effective.
